Properties of charge - ???? ?? ??? !!

Hello friends, aaj ham charge ke property ko detail me janege ki kaun-kaun sa property charge ke lie

important hai. charge ke property se related questions exam me bahut bar pucha jata hai. khas

kar 12th board exam me charge ke property se related bahut question pucha jata hai aur detail me explain bhi karne ke lie kaha jata hai. to aaj ham isi ko pura 100% acchi tarah se sikhege. charge ke property ka concept aapko JEE-Main, JEE-Advance aur Medical exam me bhi use aata hai. islie ham sare property ko step by step janege. aur yah dekhege ki kaun-kaun sa property kitna important hai. aap ise last tak padhiea aapko total samajh mae aa jaega.

Charge ke nimnlikhit property (gun) hai:-

(1) Same charge repel each other and opposite charge attract each other:- iska matlab yah hota hai ki saman aavesh ek dusre ko vikarshit karta hai aur viprit aavesh ek dusre ko aakarshit karta hai.

Ex:- (i) jaise ki agar do charge (aavesh) +3C and -8C ek dusre ke pas rakha hua hai. to dono charge me attraction (aakarshan) hoga kyonki yaha dono charge viprit hai, ek charge positive (+) hai aur dusra charge negative (-) hai. baise hi agar koi do charge +5C aur -8C ek dusre ke pas rakha jata to yaha bhi attraction hi hota aur dono charge ek dusre ke pas jata.

Ex:- (ii) jab ham -5C aur -20C ko ek dusre ke pas rakhte hai to dono me repulsion (vikarshan) hoga kyonki dono negative (-) hai. isi tarah +10C aur +9C me bhi repulsion hoga kyoki dono positive hai aur dono ek dusre se dur jaaega. 

matlab ki chahe negative-negative ho ya positive-positive hamesa charge me repulsion hi hoga aur ek dusre se repulsion ke karan dur jaega. aur jab charge positive-negative ya negative-positive ho to charge ke bich attraction hoga aur charge ek dusre ke taraf jaega.

(2) Charges follow the simpily additive rule of algebra (aavesh bijganit ke sadahran yog niyam ko palan karta hai) :- iska matlab yah hua ki charge ko ham aasani se algebra ke niyam se jod sakte hai.

Ex:- (i) 5C + 3C = 8C

       (ii) 4C + (-8)C  = -4C

        (iii) -20 C + (-3C) = -23 C

ab bahut sare student ko lagta hai ki sir isme naya kya hai. kyonki jab ham 5 aur 3 ko jodege to 8 hi aaega. lekin aisa nhi hai maine bataya hai ki charge ek property hota hai aur yah property hokar bhi algebra ke niyam ko palan kar rha hai. yahi bat charge ke additive rule ko follow karne ke lie special banati hai.

(3) Charge always associated with mass but it is not necessary that mass is always associated with charge (aavesh hamesa bahi rahta hai jaha mass rahta hai lekin yah jaruri nhi ki jaha mass ho baha aavesh bhee ho) :- yah bat bilkul hat kar hai kyonki is point me bahut sare student ko confusion hota hai. to ham ise aaram-aaram se samjhege. 

aap khud samajhiea ki charge to hamesa koi na koi body hi hoga aur body ke pas mass to hoga hi. matlab ke charge hamesa mass (body) ko hi kiya ja sakta hai matlab ki charge bahi hoga jaha mass hoga.

ab khud samajhiea ki agar koi body (body ko mass samjhege) hai to yah jaruri nhi ki bah charge hi ho iska matlab ki mass bina charge ke bhee ho sakta hai. matlab ki yah jaruri nhi ki jha mass ho bha aavesh bhee ho. 

(4) Charge is transferable in nature (aavesh sthanantran ke property ka hota hai) :- iska matlab yah hua ki charge transfer kar sakta hai. jab ham ek charge body me kisi dusre uncharge body ko satakar rakhte hai to high electron density se low density electron ki or electron transfer karta hai aur neutral body bhee charge ho jata hai. 

dhyan dene bali bat hai ki mass transferable nature ka nhi hota hai kyoki yah jyada mass se kam mass ki or apne-aap transfer nhi hota hai. Heat transferable nature ka hota hai. yah hamesa hot body se cold body ki or transfer karta hai.

(5) Charge is scalar quantity, it has no test & smell (aavesh ek adish rashi hai, iske pas na koi swad aur na hi koi gandh rahta hai) :- ham sabhi ko pata hai ki charge algebra ke simple additive rule ko follow karta hai matlab ki yah vector ke parallelogram law ko follow nhi karta hai. islie charge scalar quantity hai. sath-sath me charge ke pas koi smell (gandh) aur koi test nhi hota kyonki charge ek simple sa property hai jo body me friction ke bad develop hota hai.

(6) When Charge is at rest then it produce only electric field but when charge moves with constant velocity then it produce electric field as well as magnetic field but when charge accelerates then it emits electromagnetic waves:- iska matlab yah hua ki jab koi aavesh sthir rahta hai to vah sirf vidhut kshetra utpann karta hai lekin jab koi aavesh saman veg se chalta hai to yah vidhut kshetra ke sath-sath chumbakiya kshetra bhi utpann karta hai lekin jab yah tvarit hota hai to is se vidhut-chumbakiya vikiran nikalta hai.

(7) Charge is conserved (aavesh sanrakshit hota hai):- yah property board exam ke lie bahut hi important hai kyonki jab aap question bank dekhege to pata chalega ki is conservation se related board exam me bahut bar question pucha ja chuka hai.

charge ke conservation ka matlab hota hai ki charge ko na to banaya ja sakta hai aur na hi charge ko nast kiya ja sakta hai lekin ise ek body se dusre body me transfer kiya ja sakta hai. 

charges neither be created nor be destroyed but  it can transfer from one body to other body.

aur yah bat bilkul sahi hai ki charge ko barbad nhi kiya ja sakta hai, jaise ki agar kisi body ke pas -8C charge hai aur agar isme agar ham +8C charge dete hai to body ka total charge zero ho jaega iska matlab yah nhi ki body me jo -8C charge tha bah barbad ho gaya sirf body ka net charge zero hua hai. jab ham body se +8C charge nikalege to apne aap -8C charge aa jaega.

(8) Charge is Quantized (aavesh ka quantmikaran hota hai) :- yah bat bilkul sahi hai ki aavesh ka quantmikaran hota hai. aur bahut sare log jante hai ki aavesh ka quantmikaran hota hai lekin Quantization kya hai yah bahut sare student ko nhi pata hota hai. to sabse pahle ham Quantization ko samjhege. kyoki jab quantization samajh jaege to charge ka Quantization (quantmikaran) bhi acchi tarah se samajh jaaege.

Quantization (Quantmikaran)

 jab koi bhee physical quantity ek fixed ammount me paya jata hai ya phir us fixed amount ka integral multiple ke rup me paya jata hai to kaha jata hai vah quantity quantized hai aur is ghatna ko Quantization (Quantmikaran) kaha jata hai. aur us quantity ke sabse chote ammount ko quantmikaran kaha jata hai. 

ham ise is tarah samjhege ki agar mass hai to mass kisi bhi amount me paya jata hai (jaise:- 2kg, 2.5kg, 3kg, 3.1kg) islie mass quantized nhi hota hai. 

lekin charge ke bare me ham pahle hi bat chuke hai ki charge bode se electron ke transfer ke karan utpan hota hai aur electron hamesa integral multiple ke rup me transfer hota hai matlab ki ya to electron 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, .......... Intiger ke rup me transfer karega. elevtron kabhi bhi fraction number ke rup me nhi transfer karega. islie kisi bhi body par utpnn aavesh electron ke charge ka integral multiple hota hai. islie charge quantized hota hai.

Ex:- jab kisi body se 1 electron transfer karta hai to utpann charge 1 x (1.6 x 10 to the power -19 C) hoga. yah chage electron ka charge ka 1 guna multiple hota hai.

jab kisi body se 2 electron transfer karta hai to body par utpann aavesh 2 x (1.6 x 10 to the power -19 C) hoga. 

matlab ki body se kitna bhi electron transfer kyo na ho body par utpann aavesh (charge) 1.6 x 10 to the power -19 C ka integral multiple hi hoga. islie charge quantized hai. 

agar kisi body se electron fraction number me bhi transfer karta to charge quantized nhi hota lekin aisa nhi hota hai. islie charge quantized hota hai.

Famous queation:-

(Q) Why charge is Quantized? or What is quantization of charge?

Ans:- we know that basic concept of charging of body is transfer of electron and electron transfer always in integer number. so, charge develops on body is integral multiple of electronic charge. so, charge is quantized. 

Q = � ne

Here n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, .............